What is Interstitial Cystitis (IC) or Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS)?
Bladder pain syndrome, often known as interstitial cystitis (IC), is a chronic bladder discomfort issue. Although it may seem like an infection, it is not one. It is a sensation of pressure and discomfort in the bladder region. Without a known reason, this pressure or pain may persist for six weeks or more. Additionally, there may be symptoms like a frequent, pressing urge to urinate.
What are the causes and symptoms of IC/BPS?
Although the precise origin of IC/BPS is unknown, numerous theories exist. It might originate from:
• White blood cells that trigger an allergic reaction
• Urine containing something that harms the bladder
• Modifications to the neurons responsible for bladder sensations
• An autoimmune reaction that targets the bladder;
• A family history of bladder pain Lower back or lower abdominal discomfort is the most typical sign of IC/BPS. It may worsen as the bladder fills up. Women may also have vaginal or vulva pain. Men may experience pain in their penis, testicles, scrotum, or rectal region. Urinary frequency, or the need to urinate more than seven times per day, day or night, is another issue. Some people constantly feel the urge to urinate. Additionally, some persons experience digestive issues.
How is IC/BPS diagnosed?
There is no medical test that says a person has IC/BPS or not. Your doctor will first decide if your symptoms seem like IC/BPSNext, they’ll test to see if an infection or something else is causing your symptoms. When no other serious issues are found, your doctor may then diagnose you with IC/BPS.
Endoscopic image showing IC/BPS
How is IC/BPS treated?
- Managing your symptoms is the aim of IC/BPS treatment. Until you find relief, you should try a mix of medicinal therapies and lifestyle modifications. However, patience is advised because it may take a while for you to feel better after taking these procedures. A urologist or specialist with expertise in IC/BPS may be recommended to you.
- Modifications in lifestyle. These could involve dietary adjustments, stress management techniques, and physical therapy. Limiting certain foods and beverages is advised since they can irritate the bladder. These consist of alcohol, citrus, tomatoes, coffee, chocolate, and spicy meals. It is not advised to perform Kegel exercises if you have IC/BPS. Your pelvic floor pain might worsen if you do Kegel exercises.
- Drugs. Your doctor might recommend one or more prescription medications if lifestyle modifications are insufficient. Herbal supplements are sometimes advised.
- Hydrodistention combined with cystoscopy. The bladder is stretched to its maximum capacity during this treatment by filling it with water. If ulcers are discovered, they can be removed using a laser or electricity.
- Treatment with neuromodulation. This class of therapies alters the function of the nerves that travel to and from the bladder by sending electrical impulses to them.
- Botox® injections. By paralyzing muscles, Botox® injections help regulate symptoms and decrease the frequency of urination.
- Major Surgery. Major surgery is only offered when there are major bladder symptoms and other treatment options haven’t helped.
Can BPS or IC be cured?
For some patients, IC/BPS symptoms gradually improve and may even go away with medication. Over time, many patients discover that their symptoms fluctuate. Most patients discover that they can live peacefully when their pain is managed. You can decide to: • Continue on your treatment plan even after you feel better in order to avoid the recurrence of symptoms. Steer clear of items that could irritate the bladder; stay away from activities that could exacerbate IC or BPS; and learn how to manage stress.